HYDRON  COLOURS 

ON 

COTTON  PIECE-GOODS 

Mark 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY 


Franklin  Institute  Library 


PHILADELPHIA 


Class . . 


Book.Qr..L?..£ 

65~SJ 

Accession 


REFERENCE 


GIVEN  BY 


HYDRON  COLOURS 

ON 

COTTON  PIECE-GOODS 


CAS  SELL  A COLOR  COMPANY 

182  and  184  FRONT' STREET 

NEW  YORK 

BOSTON:  39  Oliver  street 
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PROVIDENCE:  64  exchange  place 
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MONTREAL:  Canada,  59  william  street. 


No  3557. 


HYDRON  COLOURS 
ON  COTTON  PIECE-GOODS. 


The  Hydron  Colours  are  vat  dyestuffs  of  excellent  properties 
of  fastness  and  of  very  good  levelling  properties. 

.They  are  dyed  with  hydrosulphite,  some  of  them  also  with 
sodium  sulphide  and  hydrosulphite,  and  the  addition  of  caustic  soda 
lye.  The  latter  may  in  individual  cases  be  substituted  by  carbonate 
of  soda. 

For  the  dyeing,  apparatus  of  wood  or  iron  are  used;  when 
dyeing  with  the  addition  of  sodium  sulphide  any  fittings  of  copper 
or  brass  have  to  be  avoided. 


The  following  brands  of  Hydron  Colours  are  in  the  market: 

Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20%  and  40%  pat. 

„ G Powder  pat. 

,,  B Paste  20%  and  40%  pat. 

„ B Powder  pat. 

„ R Paste  20%  and  40%  pat. 

„ R Powder  pat. 

Hydron  Dark  Blue  G Paste  20%  and  40%  pat. 

„ G Powder  pat. 

Hydron  Violet  B Paste  20%  and  40%  pat. 

„ B Powder  pat. 

„ R Paste  20%  and  40%  pat. 

„ R Powder  pat. 

Hydron  Olive  G Paste  40%  pat. 

„ G Powder  pat. 

„ B Paste  40%  pat. 

„ B Powder  pat. 

Hydron  Brown  OG  Powder  pat. 

„ OB  Powder  pat. 

Hydron  Yellow-  G Paste  20%  pat. 


1 


DISSOLVING  THE  HYDRON  COLOURS. 


Paste  Products:  The  Hydron  Blue  and  Hydron  Violet  paste 
products  may  be  added  straightaway  to  the  dyebath.  Mix  the  paste 
with  warm  water,  and  add  this  mixture  together  with  the  requisite 
quantities  of  alkali  to  the  warm  bath;  then  add  the  quantities  of 
sodium  sulphide  and  hydrosulphite  indicated  for  the  respective 
recipes  whilst  agitating.  After  the  addition  of  the  hydrosulphite 
the  dyestuff  is  quickly  vatted  (reduced) . 

Hydron  Dark  Blue  G Paste  is  dissolved  in  the  same  manner. 

Hydron  Yellow  Paste  and  Hydron  Olive  Paste  are  diluted  in 
about  5 to  10  times  their  weight  of  water  free  from  lime,  and  are 
then  reduced  and  dissolved  by  the  addition  of  the  quantities  of  hydro- 
sulphite and  lye  necessary  for  dyeing,  at  a temperature  for  Hydron 
Yellow  of  30°  C.  (85°  F.)  or  at  the  outside  40°  C.  (105°  F.),  and 
for  Hydron  Olive  of  60 — 70°  C.  (140 — 160°  F.). 

Powder  Products:  The  dyestuff  is  mixed  to  an  even  paste  with 
about  one-half  or  its  own  weight  of  cold  to  lukewarm  water  free  from 
lime.  Furthermore,  about  14  gallon  methylated  spirits  is  added  per 
gallon  water  in  order  to  ensure  a more  rapid  formation  of  a more 
even  paste.  This  paste  is  diluted  with  about  ten  times  its  weight  of 
cold  water,  and  may  then  be  added  straightaway  to  the  dyebath. 


DIRECTIONS  FOR  DYEING. 


Hydron  Blue. 

Hydron  Blue  may  he  dyed  on  piece-goods  by  the  following 
methods: 

1.  In  the  jigger  provided  with  squeezing  rollers, 

2.  in  the  continuous  dyeing  machine, 

3a.  in  the  padding  machine  by  dyeing  in  the  large  trough, 

3b.  in  the  padding  machine  by  padding. 

For  the  dyeing  of  piece-goods,  the  method  with  sodium  sulphide 
and  hydrosulphite  has  been  found  particularly  well  adapted,  a good 
penetration  of  the  goods  being  obtained  at  a comparatively  low  price. 


2 


1.  Dyeing  in  the  Jigger. 

This  is  the  most  extensively  employed  method  of  dyeing.  Any 
ordinary  jigger  provided  with  squeezing  rollers  may  he  used  for  the 
purpose;  and  it  is  an  advantage  to  combine  a rinsing  jigger  with 
the  dye-jigger.  The  requisite  squeezing  rollers  may  be  fitted  to  any 
ordinary  jigger  available,  according  to  the  following  sketch. 


The  narrow  ends  (a)  of  the  jigger  are  fitted  with  two  bearings  (c) 
which  carry  the  shaft  (d).  To  each  end  of  the  shaft,  right  and  left,  a lever  (e) 
is  affixed  immoveably  by  means  of  a rabbet  and  wedge  carrying  the  squeezing 
roller  (b).  The  levers  extend  beyond  the  roller-bearings  through  the  arms  (f), 
which  may  be  weighted  with  the  weights  (g).  When  not  in  actual  use,  the 
whole  arrangement  is  thrown  back  into  the  position  shown  by  the  dotted 
lines,  and  is  there  arrested  by  means  of  a bolt  which  passes  through  an  eye  in 
arm  (li).  By  means  of  the  sprinkler  (i)  the  goods  are  sprinkled  sideways  on 
leaving  the  rinsing  jigger. 

During  the  dyeing,  the  squeezing  roller  rests  over  the  jigger,  the  dyeing 
being  carried  out  as  customary;  only  during  the  last  passage  the  squeezing 
roller  is  lowered  and  put  into  action,  the  goods  passing  between  the  rollers, 
straight  into  the  rinsing  bath,  without  being  batched. 

Jiggers  with  squeezing  rollers  are  constructed  by  most  textile  machine 
builders;  a great  many  of  them  are  already  in  use,  especially  for  the  dyeing 
of  Eydron  Blue. 


DIRECTION  FOR  DYEING. 


Starting  Batli : 

Hydron  Blue  Paste  20%  3 — 30% 

Sodium  sulphide  crystals  3 — 30% 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  3 — 15% 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  IK — 6% 


Addition  for  Subsequent  Lots: 

2K— 20% 

2K— 15% 
2K—  8% 
IK—  4% 


3 


Charge  the  dyebath  with  the  requisite  quantities  of  dyestuff, 
sodium  sulphide  and  caustic  soda  lye,  run  the  goods  boiling  hot  for 
about  % hour,  cool  off  with  cold  water  to  about  60 — 70°  C. 
(140 — 160°  F.),  and  gradually  scatter  in  the  hydrosulphite  in  small 
portions.  When  the  bath  has  assumed  an  entirely  yellow  appearance, 
run  the  goods  for  another  / hour  or  so  at  60 — 70°  C.  (140 — 160°  F.), 
squeeze  oif  well,  and  conduct  to  the  rinsing  bath.  The  rinsing  is 
carried  out  as  indicated  on  page  5. 


Example  for  Dyeing  a Light  Blue  Shade. 


100  lbs  goods 

50 — 60  gallons  liquor. 

Starting  Bath : 

Additions  tor  Subsequent 

Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20% 

5 lbs 

3/  lbs 

Sodium  sulphide  crystals 

5 „ 

3K  „ 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

5 „ 

3K  „ 

Turkey-red  oil  or  the  like 

IK-  „ 

s/h  lb 

Example  for  Dyeing  a Medium  Blue  Shade. 

100  lbs  goods 

60  gallons  liquor. 

Starting  Bath ; 

Additions  for  Subsequent 

Hydron  Blue  B Paste  20% 

15  lbs 

10  lbs 

Sodium  sulphide  crystals 

15  „ 

8 „ 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

IX  „ 

4 jj 

Turkey-red  oil  or  the  like 

1/4  lb 

K lb 

Example  for  Dyeing  a Dark 

Blue  Shade. 

100  lbs  goods 

60  gallons  liquor. 

Starting  Bath; 

Additions  for  Subsequent  1 

Hydron  Blue  R Paste  20% 

16  lbs 

11  lbs 

Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20% 

4 „ 

3 „ 

Sodium  sulphide  crystals 

20  „ 

9 „ 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

10  „ 

5 „ 

Turkey-red  oil  or  the  like 

1 K lb 

K lb 

Add  one-half  of  the  ingredients  on  commencing  to  dye  and  the 
other  half  after  the  first  passage.  After  preparing  the  goods  for  the 
dyeing  and  beaming  them  well,  give  4 to  6 passages  near  boiling 
temperature.  Hereafter  oool  the  bath  with  cold  water  down  to  about 
70°  C.  (160°  F.),  and  scatter  in  the  hydrosulphite  until  the  dyebatli 
has  a completely  yellow  appearance,  about  one-quarter  to  one-fifth 
the  weight  of  hydrosulphite  as  of  dyestuff  being  required  for  medium 
and  deep  blues  and  about  one- third  for  light  blues,  reckoned  on  the 
weight  of  Hydron  Blue  paste  20%. 


4 


After  another  4 to  6 passages  at  about  70°  C.  (160°  F.), 
squeeze  the  goods  oft',  and  conduct  them  straight  into  the  rinsing  bath 
adjoining. 

If  the  dyebath  and  goods  gradually  assume  a greenish  appear- 
ance after  adding  the  hydrosulphite,  a little  more  hydrosulphite 
should  he  added.  It  is  especially  advisable  to  add  a little  hydrosulphite 
before  the  last  passage,  i.  e.  a short  time  before  squeezing  off  the  goods. 

The  rinsing  in  the  rinsing  jigger  is  effected  by  first  giving  the 
goods  a few  passages  in  a cold  bath  and  then  two  or  three  in  a hot 
bath.  The  test  of  the  goods  being  sufficiently  rinsed  is  that  after  the 
rinsing  they  must  no  longer  be  alkaline  or  must  contain  but  a trace 
of  alkali.  If  the  requirements  for  fastness  are  very  exacting,  the 
goods  may  be  thereupon  soaped,  or  in  the  case  of  light  shades  treated 
with  perborate. 

The  dyeing  of  further  lots  is  commenced  with  sodium  sulphide 
and  caustic  soda  lye  alone,  one-half  to  two-thirds  of  the  quantities 
previously  used  being  sufficient,  varying  with  the  shade  to  be  dyed; 
in  the  same  way  as  in  the  first  bath,  4 to  G passages  are  given,  hydro- 
sulphite being  thereupon  again  added. 

2.  Dyeing  in  the  Continuous  Dyeing  Machine. 

The  continuous  dyeing  machine  of  the  construction  shown  in 
the  sketch  below  is  much  to  be  recommended. 


The  first  two  vats  contain  the  dye  liquor,  the  third  and  fourth 
serving  for  the  rinsing.  Before  the  rinsing,  the  goods  may  he  taken 
for  oxidation  over  the  guiding  rollers  arranged  above  the  dyeing  and 
rinsing  vats. 

This  oxidation  is  at  all  times  to  he  recommended  for  light 
shades,  while  for  deep  shades  rinsing  directly  after  the  dyeing  is 
to  be  given  the  preference  if  the  goods  are  expected  to  be  specially 
fast  to  rubbing. 


5 


The  boxes  may  be  made  of  either  wood  or  iron,  but  the  small 
inside  guiding  rollers  should  always  he  of  iron.  The  squeezing  rollers 
may  be  made  of  iron,  coated  if  necessary  with  rubber,  and  should 
be  covered  with  cloth  as  usual.  A closed  iron  steam-pipe  is  employed 
for  heating  the  bath. 


The  bath  is  charged  for  example  as  follows  for  producing  a 
medium  blue: 


1 lb  Hydron  Blue  R Paste  20% 
V2  „ Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20% 
i Vi  „ Sodium  sulphide  crystals 
12  oz  Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

5 „ Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

3 „ Turkey-red  oil  or  the  like 


per  10  gallons  liquor. 


During  the  dyeing  the  dye-bath  is  replenished  with 

8 % Hydron  Blue  R Paste  20% 

4 % Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20% 

8 % Sodium  sulphide  crystals 
4 % Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

3 % Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder. 


The  replenishing  liquor  is  prepared  in  a wooden  or  iron  vessel 
by  agitating  the  requisite  quantities  of  dyestuff  and  dissolving  agents 
in  about  five  times  their  weight  of  water  at  50°  C.  (120°  F.),  the 
solution  being  then  added  to  the  dye  vat. 

The  goods  after  being  previously  wetted  out  well  and  squeezed 
off  are  given  1 — 2 passages  at  60 — 70°  (140 — 160°  F.),  squeezed  off, 
passed  over  some  guiding  rollers  if  necessary  for  oxidation,  and  rinsed. 


3 a)  Dyeing  in  the  Padding  Machine  with  a Large  Trough. 

The  system  of  dyeing  in  the  padding  machine  is  applied  prin- 
cipally for  light-class  fabrics  in  medium  depths  of  shade. 

Hydron  Blue  has  been  found  to  be  very  well  adapted  for  this 
method  of  dyeing,  and  plain  blues  may  be  produced  by  this  method 
in  the  simplest  possible  manner  possessing  a degree  of  fastness  such 
as  could  not  be  obtained  hitherto.  Apart  from  its  suitability  for  plain 
blue  goods,  the  method  may  also  be  followed  for  dyeing  resist  styles. 

The  sketch  opposite  indicates  a padding  machine  of  the  kind 
suited  for  the  dyeing  of  Hydron  Blue. 


6 


As  will  be  seen,  an  ordinary  jigger  is  used  with  a trough  of 
a capacity  of  about  160  gallons.  The  trough  should  be  so  arranged 
that  it  may  be  heated  by  indirect  steam,  the  feeding  liquor  being 
contained  in  a vessel  standing  on  a somewhat  higher  level,  from 
which  it  flows  in  continuously. 


The  dry  goods  are  passed  through  the  colour  trough  at  a 
temperature  of  60 — 70°  C.  (140 — 160°  F.).  The  passage  should  be 
so  regulated  that  the  goods  remain  for  14  to  1 14  minutes  in  the  bath, 
according  to  the  depth  of  shade  required;  if  necessary  the  size  of 
the  roller  vat  has  to  be  adapted  to  the  duration  of  the  passage. 

During  the  passage  of  the  goods  the  strength  of  the  dye-liquor 
is  maintained  by  feeding  the  bath  with  a stronger  dye  solution 
according  to  requirement.  For  this  purpose  the  feeding  liquor  at  a 
temperature  of  40 — 50°  C.  (105 — 120°  F.)  is  made  to  flow  in  such  a 
manner  into  the  roller  vat  that  the  liquor  is  always  kept  at  the 
same  level. 

After  squeezing  off  evenly,  the  goods  are  washed  thoroughly 
from  cold  to  hot,  soaped  hot  if  necessary,  or  aftertreated  with  perborate 
in  order  to  obtain  bright  shades. 

Very  full  shades  are  best  dyed  in  two  passages,  soda  being 
employed  instead  of  caustic  soda  lye.  The  goods  are  then  worked 
in  such  a manner  as  to  have  the  last  piece  of  the  first  passage  run  as 
the  first  piece  of  the  second  passage,  the  requisite  feeding  liquor 
being  divided  over  the  two  passages.  The  pressure  of  the  squeezing 
rollers  of  the  padding  machine  should  be  so  regulated  that  the  fabric 
absorbs  90 — 100%  of  its  weight  in  dye-liquor. 


7 


Care  has  to  be  taken  that  the  starting  baths  are  never  charged 
with  more  than  5 lbs  Hydron  Blue  R Paste  20%,  3X  lbs  Hydron 
Blue  B Paste  20%  or  2X  lbs  Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20%  per  10  gallons 
liquor;  the  feeding  liquor  on  the  other  hand  may  be  kept  considerably 
stronger.  This  concentrated  bath  for  freshening  up  the  liquor  should 
be  stirred  vigorously  from  time  to  time. 

Care  should  also  be  taken  that  the  dyebaths  and  the  goods 
passing  through  them  always  have  an  entirely  yellow  appearance;  as 
soon  as  the  baths  or  the  goods  begin  to  assume  a green  colour,  a little 
hydrosulphite,  and  if  necessary  also  a little  alkali,  have  to  be  added. 


Example: 


The  trough  with  a capacity  of  about  1(50  gallons  is  charged 
as  follows: 


Light  Blue: 

1 lb  Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20% 

„ Sodium  sulphide  crystals 

X „ Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  or  soda  ash 
X „ Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 
3 oz  Turkey-red  oil  or  the  like 

Feeding  liquor: 

2 lbs  Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20% 

12  oz  Sodium  sulphide  crystals 

12  „ Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  or  soda  ash 
8 „ Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

3 „ Turkey- red  oil  or  the  like 


per  10  gallons  liquor. 


per  10  gallons  liquor. 


1 X 
1 

IX 

1 

X 

3 


Medium  Blue: 

lbs  Hydron  Blue  R Paste  20% 

„ Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20% 

„ Sodium  sulphide  crystals 
„ Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  or  soda  ash 
„ Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 
oz  Turkey-red  oil  or  the  like 


• per  10  gallons  liquor. 


Feeding  liquor: 

4  lbs  Hydron  Blue  R Paste  20% 

21/*  „ Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20% 

2 „ Sodium  sulphide  crystals 

l1/2  „ Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  or  soda  ash 
H/s  „ Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

3 oz  Turkey-red  oil  or  the  like 


per  10  gallons  liquor. 


8 


per  10  gallons  liquor. 


Dark  Blue: 

5 lbs  Hydron  Blue  H Paste  20% 

2 „ Sodium  sulphide  crystals 

1 1/2  „ Caustic  soda  lye  77"  Tw.  or  soda  ash 
*/s  „ Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

3 oz  Turkey-red  oil  or  the  like 


Feeding  liquor: 

12  lbs  Hydron  Blue  I\  Paste  20% 

2‘/s  „ Sodium  sulphide  crystals 
2 ,,  Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  or  soda  ash 

2 „ Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

3 oz  Turkey-red  oil  or  the  like 


per  10  gallons  liquor. 


3b)  Padding  in  the  Padding  Machine. 

A padding  machine  provided  with  a very  small  trough  is  used. 
In  a vessel  placed  on  a higher  level  than  the  padding  machine  the 
liquor  is  prepared  according  to  the  shade  required,  and  heated  by 
indirect  steam.  During  the  dyeing  this  liquor  flows  continously  into 
the  trough,  for  preference  so  as  to  become  evenly  distributed  under 
the  surface  of  the  liquor;  see  following  sketch. 


The  dry  goods  freed  thoroughly  from  size  are  passed  through 
the  dye-trough,  squeezed  off,  and  batched  or  rinsed  straightaway. 

As  a rule,  the  goods  may  be  padded  at  60 — 70°C.  (140 — 160°  F.) 
with  sodium  sulphide,  hydrosulphite  and  caustic  soda  lye.  If  the 
padding  machine  has  copper  or  brass  fittings,  the  goods  are  dyed 
without  sodium  sulphide,  caustic  soda  lye  being  to  advantage 
substituted  by  soda.  •.  ; BA, 


9 


a)  Padding  with  Sodium  Sulphide  and  Hydrosulphite. 


1 — 3 lbs  Hydron  Blue  Paste  20% 

10 — 16  oz  Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  or 

soda  ash 

1 — 2 lbs  Sodium  sulphide  crystals 
5 — 10  oz  Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 
3 — 5 „ Turkey-red  oil  or  the  like 


per  10  gallons  liquor. 


b)  Padding  with  Hydrosulphite. 


1 — 3 lbs  Hydron  Blue  Paste  20% 

1 — 3 „ Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  or 

soda  ash 

Vi — 1 „ Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 
3 — 5 oz  Turkey-red  oil  or  the  like 


per  10  gallons  liquor. 


The  padding  process  comes  into  consideration  for  light 
shades  only. 


AFTERTREATING  HYDRON  BLUE. 

Hydron  Blue  shades  do  not  as  a rule  require  any  special  after- 
treatment,  provided  the  goods  are  finally  well  rinsed  hot,  or 
soaped  hot. 

In  some  instances  the  following  methods  of  aftertreatment  may 
be  applied: 


Treatment  with  Perborate. 

The  treatment  results  in  considerably  brighter  shades  being 
obtained,  which  like  those  which  are  not  aftertreated,  possess  excellent 
fastness. 

The  goods  are  aftertreated  for  20  to  30  minutes  with  14 — 114% 
perborate  in  a bath  heated  to  60 — 80°  C.  (140 — 175°  F.),  whereupon 
they  are  rinsed  again. 

An  aftertreatment  with  a small  quantity  (about  Y%)  of 
perborate  in  a hath  heated  to  only  30—40°  C.  (85—105°  F.)  is  in 
many  instances  resorted  to  in  order  to  accelerate  oxidation. 


Treatment  with  Copper  Sulphate  and  Biehrome. 

The  already  excellent  fastness  to  boiling  and  light  of  the 
dyeings  is  still  further  improved  by  an  aftertreatment  with  3%  copper 
sulphate,  1 % bichrome  and  3 — 5%  acetic  acid.  This  aftertreatment 
may  be  canied  out  in  a warm  or  in  a cold  bath  for  5 to  15  minutes. 


which  time,  proves  spffjQiept..  Finally  the  goods  are  ri 


rinsed  thoroughly. 


10 


HYDRON  BLUE  ON  AN  IRON  MORDANT. 


Whereas  the  methods  described  in  the  foregoing  allow  of  the 
production  of  a large  variety  of  light  and  dark  blue  shades  by  dyeing 
direct,  a very  deep  coppery  blue  shade  is  demanded  in  certain 
instances  which  cannot  be  produced  by  dyeing  direct  without  using 
excessive  quantities  of  dyestuff.  However,  by  mordanting  with  iron 
salts  and  dyeing  subsequently  with  Hydron  Blue,  very  fine,  full 
coppery  blue  shades  may  be  produced  fully  equalling  deep  Indigo 
shades,  but  far  excelling  them  in  properties  of  fastness. 

The  method  of  working  is  as  follows: 

The  boiled  goods  are  treated  for  about  30  minutes  in  a cold 
bath  charged  with  1 — 114  lbs  copperas  per  10  gallons  or  with  a 
solution  of  pyrolignite  of  iron  or  nitrate  of  iron  of  2 — 4°  Tw.,  some 
acetic  or  formic  acid  being  to  advantage  added.  They  are  then  squeezed 
off,  entered  into  a lukewarm  bath  charged  with  1 — 1 14  lbs  soda 
ash  per  10  gallons  and  treated  therein  for  about  15  minutes.  After 
rinsing  thoroughly,  they  are  then  dyed  with  Hydron  Blue,  to  best 
advantage  with  about  the  same  quantity  of  caustic  soda  lye  or  soda 
and  one-half  the  quantity  of  hydrosulphite  as  of  dyestuff  (20%  paste) 
used. 


SADDENING  OFHYDRON  BLUE  J3HADE£t 

For  saddening  Hydron  Blue  in  order  to  obtain  more  covered 
shades,  Hydron  Dark  Blue  G mentioned  on  page  11  is  the  product 
best  suited. 

Immedial  Colours  may  however  likewise  be  used  for  this  purpose, 
in  particular  Immedial  Black  V extra,  Immedial  Brilliant  Black  5BY 
cone.,  Immedial  Brilliant  Carbon  F and  Indo  Carbon  S;  these 
are  dissolved  in  the  customary  manner  with  sodium  sulphide  and 
may  be  added  straight  to  the  Hydron  Blue  bath.  In  such  case  the 
caustic  soda  lye  is  to  advantage  replaced  by  soda. 

Hydron  Dark  Blue  G Paste  20  °/o  and  40  °/o 
Hydron  Dark  Blue  G Powder. 

This  product  is  best  dyed  with  sodium  sulphide,  hydrosulphite 
and  caustic  soda  lye,  in  the  same  manner  as  stated  for  Hydron  Blue; 
the  quantity  of  caustic  soda  lye  should  however  be  increased  in  the 
starting  baths  to  about  the  same  weight  as  of  dyestuff  in  20%  paste 
form.  When  dyeing  further  lots  in  the  standing  bath,  one-half  to 
three-fourths  the  quantity  of  lye  as  of  dyestuff,  in  20%  paste  form, 
are  sufficient. 


11 


The  directions  for  dyeing  are  otherwise  the  same  as  stated  for 
Hvdron  Blue.  Hydron  Dark  Blue  G is  not  to  be  aftertreated  in  any 
special  manner. 

Hydron  Violet  B and  R Paste  20°/°  and  40% 

Hydron  Violet  B and  R Powder 

are  dyed  in  the  same  kinds  of  apparatus  as  Hydron  Blue,  best  however 
with  hydrosulphite  and  caustic  soda  lye  only;  goods  difficult  to 
penetrate  may  also  be  dyed  in  the  manner  customary  for  Hydron  Blue 
according  to  *the  sodium  sulphide  process,  but  in  such  case  a lit  tie 
more  hydrosulphite  should  be  used  than  is  stated  for  Hydron  Blue. 

When  dyeing  with  hydrosulphite  and  caustic  soda  lve,  charge 
the  dyebath  with 

Starting  Bath: 

Dyestuff  in  20%  paste  form  5 — 30% 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  5 — 15% 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  5 — 15% 

Heat  the  bath  to  about  50°  C.  (120°  F.),  and  add  first  the 
caustic  soda  lye,  then  the  dyestuff  well  mixed  with  hot  water;  hereafter 
gradually  strew  in  the  hydrosulphite,  and  mix  well.  Dye  with  8 to  10 
passages,  at  about  50"  C.  (120°  F.),  squeeze  off,  and  soap. 

The  reduced  baths  of  Hydron  Violet  must  .show  a yellow 
appearance;  if  this  is  not  the  case,  some  more  hydrosulphite,  and  if 
necessary  also  some  caustic  soda  lye,  must  further  be  added. 

In  order  to  produce  as  bright  shades  as  possible,  Hydron  Violet 
is  either  soaped  boiling  hot  after  dyeing  (with  about  8 oz  soap  per 
1 0 gallons  liquor)  or  aftertreated  with  perborate. 


Example  for  Producing  a Medium  Violet  Shade. 


100  lbs  goods 

GO  gallons  liquor 

Additions  for 

Starting  Bath:  Subsequent  Lots 

Hydron  Violet  Paste  20% 

10  lbs 

7 lbs 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

7 MS  „ 

5 „ 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

5 „ 

3 MS  „ 

Turkey-red  oil  or  the  like 

1 lb 

0.2  „ 

First  add  the  caustic  soda  lye  and  oil  at  a temperature  of  about 
50°  C.  (120°  F .) , pass  the  goods  twice  hot  through  the  bath,  add  the 
requisite  dyestuff  through  a sieve,  gradually  strew  the  hydrosulphite 
cone,  powder  into  the  bath  in  small  portions,  and  stir  thoroughly. 


Additions  for 
Subsequent  Lots: 

4—18% 
4—  9% 
4—  6% 


12 


Add  the  dyestuff  and  hydrosulphite  divided  over  two  passages 
to  the  dyebath,  and  give  the  goods  prepared  for  dyeing  8 to  10  passages 
at  about  50°  C.  (120°  F.) ; then  squeeze  off,  and  rinse  straightaway 
cold  to  hot  in  a jigger  placed  alongside  for  this  purpose. 

After  thorough  rinsing,  the  goods  are  either  soaped  boiling  hot 
or  developed  with  perborate,  and  then  rinsed  once  more. 

The  dyebath  must  have  an  entirely  yellow  appearance.  If  the 
goods  and  the  bath  begin  to  assume  a greenish  colour  during  the 
dyeing,  some  more  hydrosulphite  must  be  added;  this  is  particularly 
advisable  before  the  last  passage. 


Hydron  Yellow  G Paste  20°/o 

is  to  best  advantage  dyed  with  hydrosulphite  and  caustic  soda  lye 
according  to  the  following  directions  in  a jigger  provided  with 
squeezing  rollers  and  an  arrangement  for  oxidising;  light  to  medium 
shades  may  be  padded  in  the  padding  machine. 


Hydron  Yellow  G Paste  20% 
Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 
Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 
Common  salt  or  desiccated 

Glauber’s  salt 


Starting  Bath; 

4—30% 

4—10% 

4—24% 

Vi — 3 lbs 


Additions  for  Subsequent  Lots: 
2—20% 

2—  8% 

2—10% 

0 — 8 oz 
per  10  gallons  liquor. 


Dye  in  a cold  to  lukewarm  bath  with  0 to  8 passages,  squeeze 
off,  oxidise,  rinse,  and  soap  if  necessary. 


Dyeing  in  the  Jigger. 

Charge  the  dyebath  with  caustic  soda  lye  and  common  salt  or 
Glauber’s  salt  and  the  requisite  quantity  of  dyestuff  and  hydrosulphite. 
It  is  besides  advisable  to  add  114 — 3 oz  Turkey-red  oil  or  monosolvol 
per  10  gallons  liquor. 


Example  for  Dyeing  a Medium  Yellow  Shade  in  the  Jigger. 


100  lbs  of  goods 

00  gallons  liquor 

Hydron  Yellow  G Paste  20% 

Starting  Bath: 

20  lbs 

Additions  for 
Subsequent  Lots 

1 3 lbs 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

7 „ 

4*  „ 

Caustic  soda  lye  77"  Tw. 

15  „ 

7 „ 

Common  salt  or  desiccated 

Glauber’s  salt 

12  „ 

3 „ 

Turkey-red  oil,  or  the  like 

IX  » 

„ 

13 


The  goods,  after  being  prepared  for  the  dyeing  and  well  freed 
from  size,  are  given  6 to  8 passages  in  a cold  to  lukewarm  bath.  One-half 
of  the  ingredients  is  added  on  commencing  to  dye,  the  other  half 
after  the  first  passage.  The  dyebath  and  the  goods  must  have  an 
entirely  brown  appearance  during  the  whole  of  the  dyeing  process. 
Should  the  lists  begin  to  assume  a yellow  colour,  some  hydro- 
sulphite must  he  added.  After  dyeing,  the  goods  are  pressed  off 
evenly,  passed  over  some  guding  rollers  in  order  to  oxidise,  rinsed, 
starting  cold  and  finishing  off  hot,  and  soaped  hot  if  necessary. 


Padding  in  the  Padding  Machine. 

The  dry  goods,  freed  well  from  size,  pass  at  about  30°  C. 
(85°  F.)  the  customary  small  padding  trough,  which,  varying  with 
the  shade  to  he  produced,  is  charged  with 


1 — 4 lbs  Hydron  Yellow  G Paste  20% 

Va — IVb  „ Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 
1 — 2 Vs  „ Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

V 2—3  „ Desiccated  Glauber’s  salt  and 

lVs — 3 oz  Turkey-red  oil  or  the  like 


per  10  gallons 
liquor. 


The  dye  liquor  is  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  shade  desired 
in  a vessel  placed  in  a an  elevated  position  over  the  padding 
machine,  and  during  the  dyeing  operation  flows  continuously  into  the 
padding  trough.  The  method  of  working  subsequent  to  the  dyeing 
is  exactly  the  same  as  stated  for  dyeing  in  the  jigger. 


Aftertreatment  of  Hydron  Yellow. 

By  aftertreating  the  dyeings  with  hypochlorite  of  soda,  a 
somewhat  more  reddish  and  brighter  shade  may  be  produced.  The 
goods  are  treated  for  about.  Vi  hour  in  a solution  of  hypochlorite 
of  soda  of  about  % 0 Tw.,  and  then  rinsed  well. 


Hydron  Olive  G and  B Paste  40°/° 

Hydron  Olive  G and  B Powder 
Hydron  Brown  OG  and  OB. 

Hydron  Olive  and  Hydron  Brown  are  dyed  to  best  advantage  in 
the  ordinary  jigger  provided  with  squeezing  rollers;  light  fabrics 
may  also  be  dyed  in  a padding  machine  with  a large  trough,  and 
light  shades  may  he  produced  by  padding. 

Before  dyeing,  the  pieces  should  be  well  cleaned  by  boiling  or 
de-sizing,  and  if  light  shades  are  to  be  produced  they  should  also 
be  bleached. 


14 


Dyeing  in  the  Jigger. 

Charge  the  dyebath  with  the  requisite  dyestuff  previously  made 
to  an  even  paste  and  with  1/4 — 2 lbs  caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  per 
10  gallons  liquor  and  2 to  2 14  times  (for  light  shades  with  3 to  4 
times)  the  weight  of  Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  as  of  dyestuff  in 
powder  form,  varying  with  the  depth  of  shade  to  be  produced. 

The  temperature  of  the  dyebath  for  Hydron  Olive  should  be 
50 — GO0  C.  (120 — 140°  F.)  and  for  Hydron  Brown  40 — 50°  C. 
(105 — 120°  F.) ; for  mixtures  of  the  two  it  should  be  about  50°  C. 
(120°  F.). 

When  dyeing  further  lots  in  the  standing  bath,  about  one-half 
to  two-thirds  the  quantities  of  dyestuff  and  hydrosulphite  are  required 
for  deep  shades  as  in  the  starting  bath,  and  about  two-thirds  to 
three-quarters  of  these  quantities  for  medium  shades;  for  light  shades 
the  baths  are  exhausted,  on  which  account  the  same  quantities  have 
to  be  added  as  for  the  starting  bath,  or  a fresh  bath  may  be  started 
if  preferred.  The  quantity  of  caustic  soda  lye  may  be  reduced  to 
1— l3/s  lbs  per  10  gallons  liquor  for  the  standing  baths,  varying  with 
the  depth  of  shade. 

In  the  case  of  goods  difficult  to  penetrate,  it  is  advisable  to 
add  114 — 3 oz  monosolvol  or  the  like  per  10  gallons  liquor.  Dye  in 
6 to  10  passages,  squeeze  off,  and  rinse  straightaway,  finally  best 
with  hot  water.  Bather  more  reddish  shades  are  obtained  by  soaping 
boiling  hot. 


Example  for  Dyeing  a Full  Olive  Shade  in  the  Jigger 
with  Hydron  Olive. 


100  lbs  Satteen 

Hydron  Olive  G Powder 
Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 
Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 
Monosolvol  or  the  like 


50- 

Starting  Bath: 

5 lbs 
11  „ 

0.9  gallon 
0.1  „ 


-60  gallons  liquor. 

Additions  for  Subsequent  Lots: 

314  lbs 

7*  « 

0.6  gallon 
0.05  „ 


The  goods  prepared  for  dyeing  are  given  6 to  10  passages  at 
50 — 60°  C.  (120 — 140°  F.),  then  squeezed  off,  and  rinsed  cold  to  hot 
in  a rinsing  jigger  placed  alongside. 


Both  the  dyebath  and  the  goods  should  have  an  entirely  green 
appearance;  when  the  bath  and  the  goods,  i.  e.  the  selvedges,  begin 
to  assume  an  olive  colour,  a little  hydrosulphite  and  if  necessary 
a little  lye  should  further  be  added. 


15 


Example  for  Dyeing  a.  Medium  Brown  Shade  in  the  Jigger 
with  Hydron  Brown. 


100  lbs  Twill 

Hydron  Brown  OB  Powder 
Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 
Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 
Monosolvol  or  the  like 


50 — 60  gallons  liquor: 

Starting  Bath:  Additions  for  Subsequent  Lots : 

3 lbs  2 lbs 


0,7  gallon  0.5  gallon 

0.1  „ 0.05  „ 


Prepare  the  goods  well  for  the  dyeing,  give  6 to  10  passages 
(varying  with  the  weight  of  the  fabric)  at  40 — 50°  C.  (105 — 120"  F.), 
squeeze  off  evenly,  run  into  a rinsing  jigger  placed  alongside  without 
beaming,  and  rinse  from  cold  to  hot.  Then  give  if  necessary  two 
more  boiling  hot  passages  with  about  4 oz  soap  and  1 V* — 3 oz  soda 
ash  per  10  gallons  liquor. 

During  the  whole  of  the  dyeing  process  the  bath  as  well  as  the 
goods  should  have  a dirty  green  appearance;  when  the  bath  and  the 
selvedges  of  the  pieces  commence  to  assume  a brownish  appearance, 
this  is  an  indication  that  there  is  not  enough  of  the  reducing  agent 
present,  and  a little  hydrosulphite  and  if  necessary  a little  lye  should 
then  be  added. 


Padding  in  the  Padding  Machine. 

After  freeing  the  goods  well  from  size  and  drying  them,  pass 
them  at  50 — 60°  C.  (120 — 140°  F.)  in  the  case  of  Hydron  Olive, 
and  at  40 — 50°  C.  (105 — 120"  F.)  in  the  case  of  Hydron  Brown, 
through  the  customary  small  padding  trough  charged  according  to 
the  desired  shade, 


for  Hydron  Olive  with 

3 oz  — 1 lb  Hydron  Olive  O or  B Powder 

12  oz — 2 lbs  Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  per  10  gallons 

2 lhs — 23/o  „ Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  liquor. 

1J4  oz  — 3 oz  Monosolvol,  or  the  like 


and  for  Hydron  Brown  with 

1 Vi  oz  —8  oz  Hydron  Brown  OG  or  OB  Powder 
6 „ — lVs  lbs  Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

1 lb  — 15/8  lhs  Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

1 K oz  — 3 oz  Monosolvol  or  the  like 


per  10  gallons 
liquor. 


The  dye  liquor  is  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  shade  desired 
in  a vessel  placed  on  a higher  level,  from  which  it  flows  continuously 
into  the  padding  trough  during  the  dyeing. 

After  dyeing,  rinse  first  cold  and  then  hot,  and  soap  hot  if 
necessary. 


16 


COMBINATIONS  OF  HYDRON  OLIVE  OR  HYDRON  BROWN 
WITH  HYDRON  YELLOW. 


It  is  best  to  reduce  and  dissolve  each  dyestuff  separately  with 
the  respective  quantities  of  hydrosulphite  and  caustic  soda  lye.  The 
goods  are  then  dyed  for  Vi  to  Y\  hour  at  about  40°  C.  (105°  F.), 
squeezed  off,  rinsed,  and  soaped,  if  necessary  hot. 

When  using  larger  percentages  of  Hydron  Yellow  it  is  best  to 
add  common  salt  or  desiccated  Glauber’s  salt,  as  stated  on  pages  13 
and  14,  in  order  to  better  exhaust  the  bath. 


COMBINATIONS  OF  HYDRON  OLIVE  OR  HYDRON  BROWN 
WITH^ HYDRON  BLUE. 

Hydron  Olive  and  Hydron  Brown  are  reduced  each  separately 
with  the  respective  quantities  of  hydrosulphite  and  caustic  soda  lye, 
and  dissolved,  being  then  added  to  the  dyebath  at  about  50°  C. 
(120°  F.).  The  dissolving  agents  required  for  Hydron  Blue  are 
then  added,  and  finally  the  Hydron  Blue. 

Dye  for  Vi  to  1 hour  at  50 — 60°  C.  (120 — 140°  F.),  squeeze 
off,  rinse,  and  soap  if  necessary. 


COMB INATIONS  OF  HYDRON  BLUE  WITH  HYDRON  YELLOW. 

Charge  the  dyebath  of  about  40°  C.  (105°  F.)  with  Hydron 
Blue  and  the  quantities  of  dissolving  agents  indicated  on  pages  6 and  7 ; 
then  add  the  Hydron  Yellow  dissolved  with  the  requisite  quantities 
of  hydrosulphite  and  lye  (see  page  13). 

Dye  for  A to  1 hour  at  abt.  40°  C.  (105°  F.),  squeeze  off,  and 
rinse;  for  deeper  shades  add  some  common  salt  or  desiccated  Glauber’s 
salt  in  order  to  make  the  yellow  go  more  readily  on  to  the  fibre. 

For  combinations  with  a larger  proportion  of  Hydron  Blue  it 
is  more  advantageous  to  first  dye  in  the  customary  manner  with 
Hydron  Blue  and  after  rinsing  to  top  with  Hydron  Yellow  in  a 
second,  cold  bath. 


Dyeing  of  Mercerised  Fabrics. 

Work  in  the  same  manner  and  with  the  same  additions  as  stated 
for  ordinary  piece-goods,  reducing  merely  the  quantities  of  dyestuff 
by  about  one-fourth,  whereas  the  quantity  of  hydrosulphite  should 
if  anything  be  increased;  at  the  same  time  add  a little  more  Turkey- 
red  oil  or  monosolvol  to  the  dyebath. 


17 


Dyeing:  of  Linen  and  Half-Linen  Fabrics. 


These  are  preferably  dyed  in  an  ordinary  jigger  provided  with 
sqeezing  rollers  as  used  for  the  dyeing  of  cotton  with  Hydron  Blue, 
Hydron  Dark  Blue  and  Hydron  Violet  exclusively  according  to  the 
sodium  sulphide  process,  this  method  yielding  excellent  results  in 
point  of  penetration  particularly  on  hard  and  tightly  woven  linen 
fabrics;  Hydron  Yellow,  Hydron  Olive  and  Hydron  Brown  are  dyed 
with  hydrosulphite  and  caustic  soda  lye. 

The  directions  for  dyeing  are  the  same  as  stated  for  cotton 
goods.  It  is  recommended,  however,  to  somewhat  increase  the 
quantities  of  Turkey-red  oil  or  monosolvol,  and  when  using  Hydron 
Blue  and  Hydron  Violet  to  boil  the  goods  previous  to  the  addition  of 
hydrosulphite  rather  longer  than  is  customary  for  cotton  goods. 


The  quantities  of  dyestuffs  mentioned  in  the  card  are  those 
absorbed  by  the  fibre  in  the  standing  bath.  For  medium  and  dark 
shades  the  starting  baths  should  be  charged  with  somewhat  higher 
percentages,  in  accordance  with  our  directions. 


Without  guarantee. 


18 


HYDRON  COLOURS  ON  COTTON  PIECE-GOODS 


Hydron  Blue  G pat. 


1.75%  Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20%  pat. 


2.5%  Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20%  pat. 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


i 


HYDRON  COLOURS  ON  COTTON  PIECE-GOODS 


9 


Hydron  Blue  B pat. 


4.5%  Hydron  Blue  B Taste  20%  pat. 


1.75%  Ilydron  Blue  B Paste  20%  pat. 


2.5%  Hydron  Blue  B Paste  20%  pat. 


7.5%  Hydron  Blue  B Paste  20%  pat. 


3.5%  Hydron  Blue  B Paste  20%  pat. 


CASSELLA  COLOli  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


ii 


HYDRON  COLOURS  ON  COTTON  PIECE-GOODS 


Hydron  Blue  R pat. 


10%  Hydron  Blue  R Paste  20%  pat. 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


in 


HYDRON  COLOURS  ON  COTTON  PIECE-GOODS 


Hydron  Blue  aftertreated  with  Perborate 


5.5%  Hydron  Blue  R Paste  20%  pat. 
aftertreated  with  perborate. 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


IV 


HYDRON  COLOURS  ON  COTTON  PIECE-GOODS 


Hydron  Dark  Blue  G pat. 


4.5%  Hvdrou  Dark  Blue  G Paste 

20%  pat. 


Hydron  Violet  B pat. 


12%  Hydron  Dark  Blue  G Paste 

20%  pat. 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


v 


HYDRON  COLOURS  ON  COTTON  PIECE-GOODS 


9%  Hydron  Violet  R Paste  20%  pat. 


10%  Ilydron  Yellow  G Paste  20%  pat. 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


VI 


HYDRON  COLOURS  ON  COTTON  PIECE-GOODS 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


VII 


HYDRON  COLOURS  ON  COTTON  PIECE-GOODS 


57 


Hydron  Brown  OG  and  OB  pat. 


0.6%  Hydron  Brown  OB  Powder  pat. 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


VIII 


COMPOUND  SHADES  PRODUCED  WITH  HYDRON  COLOURS 


66 


70 


0.3%  Ilydron  Brown  OB  Powder  pat. 
0.1%  Ilydron  Brown  OG  Powder  pat. 
0.5%  Hydron  Yellow  G Paste  20%  pat. 


0.6  % Hydron  Brown  OB  Powder  pat. 
0.46%  Hydron  Yellow  G Paste  20%  pat. 


68 


0.75%  Hydron  Brown  OB  Powder  pat. 
0.25%  Hydron  Brown  OG  Powder  pat. 

I 0.6  % Hydron  Yellow  G Paste  20%  pat. 


72 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


COMPOUND  SHADES  PRODUCED  WITH  HYDRON  COLOURS 


CASSELLA  COLOli  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


x 


COMPOUND  SHADES  PRODUCED  WITH  HYDRON  COLOURS 


0.2"  Ilydron  Brown  OG  Powder  pat. 
1.2%  Hydron  Olive  B Powder  pat. 


0.(1%  Hydron  Yellow  G Paste  20%  pat. 
1.6%  Hydron  Brown  OG  Powder  pat. 


2.5%  Hydron  Brown  OG  Powder  pat. 
1.5%  Hydron  Yellow  G Paste  20%  pat. 


XI 


COMPOUND  SHADES  PRODUCED  WITH  HYDRON  COLOURS 


0.65%  Ilydron  Olive  13  Powder  pat. 
0.35%  Ilydrou  Blue  G Paste  20%  pat. 


11%  Ilydron  Yellow  G Paste  20%  pat. 
1%  Ilydron  Olive  B Powder  pat. 


12  % Ilydron  Yellow  G Paste  20%  pat. 
1.6%  Hydron  Olive  B Powder  pat. 


2.5%  Hydron  Olive  G Powder  pat. 
0.4%  Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20%  pat. 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


XII 


COMPOUND  SHADES  PRODUCED  WITH  HYDRON  COLOURS 


1.6  ' Hydron  Tilue  G Taste  20%  pat. 
0.12%  Hydron  Grown  OG  Powder  pat. 


7.5%  Hydron  Yellow  G Paste  20%  pat. 
10  % Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20%  pat. 
0.8%  Hydron  Brown  OG  Powder  pat. 


101 


0.16  . Hydron  Brown  OG  Powder  pat. 
2.5  % Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20%  pat. 


0.8%  Hydron  Olive  B Powder  pat. 
4.5%  Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20%  pat. 
0.9%  Hydron  Brown  OG  Powder  pat. 


102 


99 


3 % Ilydron  Blue  G Paste  20%  pat. 

0.25%  Ilydron  Brown  OG  Powder  pat. 


2.25%  Hydron  Olive  G Powder  pat. 
1.5  % Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20%  pat. 
0.3  % Hydron  Brown  OG  Powder  pat. 


103 


1.25%  Hydron  Brown  OG  Powder  pat. 
1 % Ilydron  Olive  B Powder  pat. 

4 % Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20%  pat. 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


XIII 


HYDRON  BLUE  ON  COTTON  PIECE-GOODS 

FROM  PRACTICE 


105 


7%  Ilydron  Blue  R Paste  20%  pat. 
4%  Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20%  pat. 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


HYDRON  BLUE  ON  HALF-LINEN  PIECE-GOODS 

FROM  PRACTICE 


107 


4. 5%  Hydron  I’.lue  R Paste  20%  pat. 
3.5%  Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20%  pat. 


108 


11%  Hydron  Blue  B Paste  207o  pat. 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


xv 


HYDRON  BLUE  ON  LINEN  PIECE-GOOOS 

FROM  PRACTICE 


109 


8%  Hydron  Blue  R Taste  20%  pat. 
3%  Ilydion  Blue  G Paste  20%  pat. 


110 


14%  Hydron  Blue  It  Taste  20%  pat. 
4%  Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20%  pat. 


CASSELLA  COLOK  COMPANY,  NEW  YOEK. 


XVI 


SfftjAu 


THt  l ; 
LIBRARY 


YUM 


